Advances in Medicine and Biology : Volume 148

Volume 148 begins by summarizing recent findings in exosome research, highlighting the importance of exosomes as novel biomarkers and regulatory elements in the process of angiogenesis. Specifically, the authors address the potential of exosomes as future diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Additionally, the authors discuss the latest findings on myometrial cells embryogenesis, their later phenotypic changes, and structure and its relation to contractility, particularly focusing on the least understood aspects of the myometrium function. Next, overview of new developments in breast cancer targeted therapies is provided, and future prospects for directed therapeutic strategies are discussed. Recent advances in targeted therapy have decreased the morbidity and enhanced the quality of life of cancer patients. Several strategies to combat H1N1 through in silico approach along with the discovered drug candidates are reviewed, such as neuraminidase inhibitors, M2 proton channel blocker, and RNA polymerase-complex inhibitor to interfere with H1N1 virus replication. H1N1, also recognized as Swine Flu, is a subtype of influenza A virus which belongs to the orthomyxovirus category. This compilation also explores acute kidney injury, a life-threatening situation which has a mortality rate of up to 50%. Histone deacetylase inhibitors were first used for treating different types of cancers, but recently their immunomodulatory and anti-apoptotic effects in renal cells in vitro have been noticed. Thus, the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibitors in preventing acute kidney injury are reviewed. The closing paper reviews the literature regarding how to obtain an optimal anatomical reduction in femoral neck fractures in patients under 65 years old, and functional results are discussed in relation to specific fixation implants, fracture patterns and patient-related factors.