Atmospheric Environmental Research : Critical Decisions Between Technological Progress and Preservation of Nature

This text focuses on such topical environmental issues as global change, forest decline, ozone depletion and acid rain. The contributions illustrate the interaction that exists between atmosphere, technology and nature.

I The Global Approach.- 1 Global Problems of Atmospheric Chemistry - The story of Man''s Impact on Atmospheric Ozone.- 1.1 Stratospheric Ozone.- 1.1.1 The Chemistry.- 1.1.2 Man''s Impact on Stratospheric Ozone.- 1.2 Tropospheric Ozone.- 1.3 Topical Problems in Atmospheric Chemistry.- 1.3.1 Observations of the Tropospheric Ozone.- 1.3.2 Long-Term Observations of Properties of the Atmosphere.- 1.3.3 Intensive Measurement Campaigns.- 1.3.4 Cloud Transport.- 1.3.5 Chemical Interactions with Hydrometeors.- 1.3.6 Photolysis Rates in Cloudy Atmospheres.- 1.3.7 Biogenic Sources of Hydrocarbons, CO, and NO.- 1.3.8 Potential Role of Halogen Radicals in Ozone Destruction.- 1.3.9 Heterogeneous Reactions on Aerosol Particles.- 1.3.10 Ozone/Climate Feedbacks in the Stratosphere.- References.- 2 Can Laboratory Data be Related with the Real World?.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Anthropogenic Ozone: Models versusReality.- 2.3 A Brief History of Atmospheric Ozone Research.- 2.4 Laboratory Studies.- 2.5 The Perturbed Stratosphere.- 2.6 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 3 An Example for a Man-Made Induced Feedback on the Global Oxidation Capacity: The Possible Increase of Atmospheric ?2O2 Concentrations.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Atmospheric Chemistry of Hydrogen Peroxide (Budget Between Sources and Sinks).- 3.3 Explanation for the H2O2 Increase Found in Greenland Ice Cores.- References.- II Nature and Technology in Conflict?.- 4 Forest Soil Reaction to Drastic Changes in Sulphur and Alkaline Dust Deposition in Three Scots Pine Ecosystems in Northeast Germany.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Materials and Methods.- 4.2.1 Experimental Sites and Soils.- 4.2.2 Field Measurements and Soil Samples.- 4.2.3 Analytical Methods.- 4.3 Results.- 4.3.1 General Soil Physical and Chemical Properties.- 4.3.2 Inorganic Sulphate Fractions.- 4.3.3 Soil Solution Composition.- 4.3.4 Element Fluxes.- 4.4 Discussion.- 4.4.1 Element Budgets and Proton Loads of the Humus Layers.- 4.4.2 Sulphate Dynamics and Element Budgets of the Bw Horizons.- 4.5 Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 5 Results of the European Auto-Oil Programme: Effects of Future European Exhaust Emissions from Road Transport on the Air Quality of European Cities.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Exhaust Emission Development.- 5.3 Effects on Air Quality.- 5.3.1 Air Quality Targets.- 5.3.2 Registration of Current Air Quality.- 5.3.3 Identification of All Emission Sources.- 5.3.4 Air Quality Forecast.- 5.3.5 Cost-Benefit Analysis.- 5.4 Summary and Conclusion.- References.- III Consequences of a Changing Atmosphere.- 6 Is the Oxidising Capacity of the Troposphere Changing?.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Oxidising Efficiency.- 6.3 Influence of the Alkane Chemistry on the Oxidising Capacity.- 6.4 Chemistry of Biogenic VOCs and its Influence on Photooxidant Formation.- 6.4.1 Isoprene.- 6.4.2 Monoterpenes.- 6.4.3 Oxygenated Compounds.- 6.5 Atmospheric Chemistry of Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- 6.6 Atmospheric Formation of HONO as a Source of OH Radicals.- 6.7 Concluding Remarks.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 7 Five-Year Record of Ozone at Mt. Brocken (Germany) - Implications for Changing Heterogeneous Chemistry.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Ozone Seasonal Cycle.- 7.3 Changing Ozone Amplitude.- 7.4 Discussion.- References.- 8 Acid Rain - Gone?.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 What Does Acid Rain Mean?.- 8.2.1 Acids and Bases - Some Definitions and Applications to the Atmosphere.- 8.2.2 The Acidity Concept.- 8.2.3 Acid Deposition: Dry and Wet Deposition versus Emission.- 8.2.4 Acid-Base Relationships and Redox Processes in the Biosphere-Atmosphere Interaction (the Relationship Between Acidifying and Oxidising Capacity).- 8.3 The Precipitation pH History in Germany and Europe Before 1990.- 8.4 The Changing Acidity after German Unification.- 8.4.1 Seehausen Precipitation Chemistry.- 8.4.2 Brocken Cloud Chemistry.- 8.5 Discussion and Conclusions.- References.