Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal from Low Concentrated Effluents : Study of System Configurations and Operational Features for Post-treatment of Anaerobic Effluents

This book reports the first systematic monitoring and modelling study on water availability, water quality and seawater intrusion of the Shatt al-Arab River (SAR) on the border of Iraq and Iran, where causes and concentration levels of salinity have not yet been fully understood, let alone addressed, leading to conflicting perceptions of its origin (external or internal), the natural conditions and the practices that can explain the current critical conditions. Current scientific knowledge on the SAR salinity problem is deficient, partially due to the complex and dynamic interaction between marine and terrestrial salinity sources, including return flows by water users of the different water sectors in the Euphrates and Tigris rivers upstream of the SAR.The development of a new series of monitoring stations and various modelling approaches helped to better understand the interactions between these different sources. The comprehensive and detailed dataset formed the basis for a validated analytical model that can predict the extent of seawater relative to other salinity sources in an estuary, and for a hydrodynamic model that can predict salinity changes. The adaptability of the models to changing conditions makes them directly applicable by water managers. The procedure can be applied to other comparable systems.

Many organizations and government agencies require the use of Common Criteria certified products and systems and use the Common Criteria methodology in their acquisition process. In fact, in July 2002 the U.S. National Information Assurance Acquisition Policy (NSTISSP #11) mandated the use of CC evaluated IT security products in critical infrastructure systems. This standard provides a comprehensive methodology for specifying, implementing, and evaluating the security of IT products, systems, and networks. Because the Common Criteria (CC) for IT Security Evaluation is a relatively new international standard, little written material exists which explains this how-to knowledge, and it''s not exactly easy to interpret.

Designed to be used by acquiring organizations, system integrators, manufacturers, and Common Criteria testing/certification labs, Using the Common Criteria for IT Security Evaluation explains how and why to use the Common Criteria during the acquisition, implementation or evaluation of an IT product, system, network, or services contract. The text describes the Common Criteria methodology; the major processes, steps, activities, concepts, terminology, and how the CC methodology is used throughout the life of a system. It illustrates how each category of user should employ the methodology as well as their different roles and responsibilities.

This text is an essential resource for all those involved in critical infrastructure systems, like those operated by the FAA, the Federal Reserve Bank, DoD, NATO, NASA, and the intelligence agencies. Organized to follow the Common Criteria lifecycle, Using the Common Criteria for IT Security Evaluation provides examples in each chapter to illustrate how the methodology can be applied in three different scenarios: a COTS product, a system or network, and a services contract. The discussion problems at the end of each chapter ensure the text''s effectiveness in an educational setting and ensure that thos