Coercion, Ambiguity, and Rhetoric in Ancient Greece : The Dangers of Peitho

The ancient Greek goddess and action peitho (a form of inducement or psychological pressure) presented dangers to interpersonal and political persuasion. Textual and visual evidence reveals how ancient Greek communities and individuals understood and learned to tolerate peitho's coerciveness and ambiguity in rhetoric and human affairs.

The ancient Greek goddess and action peitho, which was understood as a form of inducement or psychological pressure at work in rhetoric but also in other spheres of human activity, presented dangers to interpersonal and political persuasion. Evidence from poetry, drama, vase painting, oratory, and magical papyri reveals ways in which communities and individuals understood and learned to tolerate peitho's threats of ambiguity and coercion. Allannah Karas examines peitho in connection with other coercive, semi-divine forces, such as bia (physical force), ananke (constraint, necessity), and thelgein (enchantment), which are perceived as acting on the human psyche and within the human community. She also draws on social psychology, especially the concept of ambiguity tolerance and reactance theory, to illuminate the efficacy of ancient Greek communal practices (e.g. drama, ritual, romanticization and visual humor, and oratorical piety) as mechanisms for managing peitho's necessary yet dangerous presence in society.