Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate

Dietary Reference Intakesfor Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and SulfateThe Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative estimates of nutrientintakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. Thisnew report, the sixth in a series of reports presenting dietary reference valuesfor the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, establishesnutrient recommendations on water, potassium, and salt for health maintenanceand the reduction of chronic disease risk. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfatediscusses in detail the role of water, potassium, salt, chloride, and sulfate inhuman physiology and health. The major findings in this book include theestablishment of Adequate Intakes for total water (drinking water, beverages,and food), potassium, sodium, and chloride and the establishment ofTolerable Upper Intake levels for sodium and chloride. The book makesresearch recommendations for information needed to advance the understandingof human requirements for water and electrolytes, as well asadverse effects associated with the intake of excessive amounts of water,sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfate. This book will be an invaluablereference for nutritionists, nutrition researchers, and food manufacturers.Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes2 Overview and Methods3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels4 Water5 Potassium6 Sodium and Chloride7 Sulfate8 Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water9 A Research AgendaAppendix A: Glossary and AcronymsAppendix B: Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference IntakesAppendix C: Predictions of Daily Water and Sodium RequirementsAppendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994Appendix E: U.S. Dietary Intake Data for Water and Weaning Foods from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 1994–1996, 1998Appendix F: Canadian Dietary Intake Data for Adults from Ten Provinces, 1990–1997Appendix G: U.S. Water Intake and Serum Osmolality Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994Appendix H: U.S. Total Water Intake Data by Frequency of Leisure Time Activity from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994Appendix I: Dose-Response Effects of Sodium Intake on Blood PressureAppendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94Appendix K: Options for Dealing with UncertaintiesAppendix L: AcknowledgmentsAppendix M: Biographical Sketches of Panel MembersIndex