Essays in Later Ancient Philosophy

This is a collection of seminal papers by the late Michael Frede on an important period in philosophical history, from the second to the seventh century AD, notable especially for the rise of Platonism and of Christian philosophical thought. They cover themes in metaphysics and theology including new notions of the individual and of the will.

Essays in Later Ancient Philosophy is a collection of Michael Frede''s papers on topics in later ancient philosophy. They centre on pagan and Christian philosophers including Celsus, Numenius, Longinus, Syrianus, Origen, Eusebius, Gregory of Nyssa, and John of Damascus. In the essays, Frede shows how these figures are significant thinkers in their own right, and testimony to the vitality of philosophical thought of later antiquity. Topics covered in the volume include ethics, theology, metaphysics, and psychology. A common theme across the papers is the growth and mutual interaction of Platonism and Christian philosophical thinking from the late second century onwards. Frede shows how the period is marked by increasing engagement with philosophical authorities of the past (such as Plato, Aristotle, and Pythagoras in the case of Platonism), and with ancient traditions of wisdom on which they in turn were taken to rely.