Evaluation and Management of Blepharoptosis

This comprehensive and detailed text deals with the diagnosis and surgery of blepharoptosis, and will benefit any practicing physician, fellow or resident who deals with blepharoptosis.

Part I. Introduction.- 1.Introduction.- 2.The History of Ptosis Surgery.- 3.Eyelid Anatomy and Physiology with Reference to Blepharoptosis.- Part II.Approach to the Ptosis Patient.- 4.Risk Factor Assessment Prior to Ptosis Surgery.- 5.Ptosis: Nailing the diagnosis, and considering the differential diagnosis.- 6.Preoperative Decision Making in Ptosis Surgery.- Part III.Ptosis Subtypes.- 7.Pseudoptosis.- 8.Congenital ptosis.- 9.Involutional ptosis.- 10.Myogenic ptosis.- 11.Myasthenia Gravis.- 12.Neurogenic Blepharoptosis.- 13.Traumatic Blepharoptosis.- 14.Anophthalmic Ptosis.- 15.Lash Ptosis.- Part IV.Treatment.- A.Nonsurgical Options.- 16.The Non-Surgical Treatment of Ptosis.- B.Surgical Treatment.- 17.External levator resection.- 18.Minimal Dissection, Small Incision Ptosis Correction.- 19.Müllers muscle-conjunctival resection (posterior approach).- 20.Open sky Muller''s muscle resection for the correction of blepharoptosis.- 21.The Fasanella Servat procedure for ptosis.- 22.Full-Thickness Eyelid Resection for Blepharoptosis Correction.- 23.Frontalis Suspension for the Correction of Blepharoptosis.- Part V.Other Considerations.- 24.In-Office Surgery, Anesthesia and Analgesia.- 25.Ethnic and Gender Considerations in Ptosis Surgery.- 26.Aesthetic Considerations for the Ptosis Surgeon.- 27.Challenging Ptosis Scenarios.- 28.Ptosis surgery: Comparing different surgical techniques.- 29.Ptosis Surgery Failure and Reoperation.- 30.Complications of Ptosis Repair: Prevention and Management.- 31.Commentary: Perspective of a risk manager-12 Steps of a Successful Surgical Encounter.- 32. Conclusion.