Instrumentation, Control and Automation VII

The devising and application of instrumentation, control and automation (ICA) techniques is assuming an ever greater importance in water and wastewater management. The high rate of technological progress in these fields is boosting the power and range of their applicability. The 7th ICA workshop provided an unrivalled snapshot of the state of the art in research, development and practical application of ICA. Four invited articles survey developments over the past two decades in ICA in Scandinavia and the USA, and in a UK utility company, and examine the current reconfiguration of ICA in Japan as a fusion of controls, computers and communications. Then, from the large number of papers and posters presented, 44 articles have been selected that present the latest developments in: Management and operational systems Control systems Respirometry and other instrumentation Mathematical modelling. A concluding paper reviews the work presented at the workshop, assesses its significance and identifies likely avenues for future progress.