Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise

Our ability to observe and forecast severe weather events has improved markedly over the past few decades. Forecasts of snow and ice storms, hurricanes and storm surge, extreme heat, and other severe weather events are made with greater accuracy, geographic specificity, and lead time to allow people and communities to take appropriate protective measures. Yet hazardous weather continues to cause loss of life and result in other preventable social costs. There is growing recognition that a host of social and behavioral factors affect how we prepare for, observe, predict, respond to, and are impacted by weather hazards. For example, an individual's response to a severe weather event may depend on their understanding of the forecast, prior experience with severe weather, concerns about their other family members or property, their capacity to take the recommended protective actions, and numerous other factors. Indeed, it is these factors that can determine whether or not a potential hazard becomes an actual disaster. Thus, it is essential to bring to bear expertise in the social and behavioral sciences (SBS)—including disciplines such as anthropology, communication, demography, economics, geography, political science, psychology, and sociology—to understand how people's knowledge, experiences, perceptions, and attitudes shape their responses to weather risks and to understand how human cognitive and social dynamics affect the forecast process itself. Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise explores and provides guidance on the challenges of integrating social and behavioral sciences within the weather enterprise. It assesses current SBS activities, describes the potential value of improved integration of SBS and barriers that impede this integration, develops a research agenda, and identifies infrastructural and institutional arrangements for successfully pursuing SBS-weather research and the transfer of relevant findings to operational settings. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 The Motivation for Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise3 Assessing the Current State of Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise4 Social and Behavioral Sciences for Road Weather Concerns5 Research Needs for Improving the Nation's Weather Readiness and Advancing Fundamental Social and Behavioral Science Knowledge6 A Framework to Sustainably Support and Effectively Use Social and Behavioral Science Research in the Weather Enterprise7 Summary of Key Findings and RecommendationsReferencesAppendix A: Examples of Funding for Social and Behavioral Science Activities by NOAA, NSF, DHSAppendix B: Lessons from SBS Integration into the "Public Health Enterprise"Appendix C: People Who Provided Input to the CommitteeAppendix D: Committee BiosketchesAppendix E: Acronyms