Medical Ethics : Or, a Code of Institutes and Precepts, Adapted to the Professional Conduct of Physicians and Surgeons

The physician and medical reformer Thomas Percival (1740–1804) saw the need for a code to guide doctor-patient relations. Based on Hippocratic and Christian principles, his highly influential code was published in 1803 and is considered the first modern formulation of medical ethics.

A physician and medical reformer enthused by the scientific and cultural progress of the Enlightenment as it took hold in Britain, Thomas Percival (1740–1804) wrote on many topics, but he was particularly concerned about public health issues arising from the factory conditions of the Industrial Revolution. Calling for improved standards of care, he believed that the working poor should be treated the same as wealthy private clients. Following a disastrous dispute in 1792 which closed the Manchester Infirmary's Fever Hospital during an epidemic, Percival was asked to draft regulations on professional medical conduct. In 1794 he privately circulated a tract, Medical Jurisprudence, which he later revised for this 1803 publication. Based on Hippocratic and Christian principles, Percival's work is considered the first modern formulation of doctor-patient etiquette. His Essays Medical and Experimental (revised edition, 1772–3) and the four volumes of his collected works (1807) are also reissued in this series.