Sounding the Troposphere from Space : A New Era for Atmospheric Chemistry

It is now possible to determine concentrations of trace constituents and pollutants in the lower atmosphere from space, a development which heralds a new era for tropospheric chemistry.

1 TROPOSAT: the project and the scientific highlights.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 The aims of TROPOSAT.- 1.3 Some TROPOSAT scientific highlights and activities.- 1.4 Policy-relevant results.- 1.5 Future perspectives and opportunities.- 1.6 TROPOSAT organisational activities.- 1.7 Further information.- 2 An Overview of the Scientific Activities and Achievements.- 2.1 New algorithms for obtaining tropospheric data from satellite measurements.- 2.2 Applications of satellite data in tropospheric research.- 2.3 Synergistic use of different instrumentation and platforms for tropospheric measurements.- 2.4 Validation and data assimilation for tropospheric satellite data products.- 2.5 The use of data assimilation to augment the utility of satellite data.- 2.6 Future space infrastructure.- 2.7 Tropospheric Data from the United States.- 3 Development of Algorithms.- 3.1 Retrieval of Greenhouse and Related Gas Parameters from SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT.- 3.2 Aerosol Retrieval by the Introduction of New Aerosol Classes and Optical Properties: Methods and Climatology.- 3.3 Neural Network Ozone Profile Retrieval System for GOME Spectra (NNORSY-GOME).- 3.4 Retrieval and Data Assimilation Algorithm Development for Tropospheric Ozone and NO2 from GOME and SCIAMACHY.- 3.5 Retrieval of Tropospheric Aerosol Properties from Space using MISR Data.- 3.6 The Role of Polarisation Measurements in Ozone Profile Retrieval from Back-scattered Ultraviolet Sunlight.- 3.7 Retrieval of Aerosol Properties from Satellite Data.- 3.8 Retrieval of CO Column and Profile Data from the MOPITT Instrument on EOS-TERRA.- 3.9 Quantification of Tropospheric Measurements from Nadir Viewing UV/Visible Instruments.- 3.10 Retrieval of Upper Tropospheric H2O from CRISTA-2 Observations.- 3.11 Retrieval of Tropospheric BrO and NO2 from UV-Visible Observations.- 3.12 Retrievability of Upper Tropospheric Species and Parameters from MIPAS/ENVISAT Data.- 3.13 Assessment of the Global Distribution of Tropospheric OH Radical Production from GOME Observations.- 3.14 A Ground Validation Station for the Satellite-based Atmospheric Sensor Instruments GOME and SCIAMACHY.- 3.15 Development of Satellite-derived Information on Tropospheric Actinic Flux and Aerosol Particulate Matter.- 3.16 Case Studies for the Investigation of Cloud Sensitive Parameters as Measured by GOME.- 3.17 Ozone Profile Retrieval from Broadband Nadir UV/Visible Satellite Spectra: How Accurate is the Tropospheric Profile?.- 4 Use of Satellite Data to understand Atmospheric Processes.- 4.1 Tropospheric Aerosol Modelling.- 4.2 Validation of a Fully Coupled Chemistry-Climate Model.- 4.3 Global Photochemical Model Evaluation using GOME Tropospheric Column Data.- 4.4 Construction and Analysis of Image Sequences of Atmospheric Trace Gases.- 4.5 Use of GOME Measurements for the Examination of the Nitrogen Oxide Budget in the Troposphere.- 4.6 Use of Satellite Data to Constrain Ozone Budgets in Global Tropospheric Chemistry Models.- 4.7 First Validation of Tropospheric NO2 Column Densities Retrieved from GOME by in situ Aircraft Profile Measurements.- 4.8 Determination of NOX Sources by Combination of Satellite Images with Transport Modelling.- 4.9 The Use of Space-borne Measurements and the Ground-based Swiss Monitoring System for Tracing Atmospheric Pollution.- 5 Synergistic Use of Different Instrumentation and Platforms for Tropospheric Measurements.- 5.1 Comparing CARIBIC and Satellite Data.- 5.2 Studies of NO2 from Lightning and Convective Uplifting using GOME Data.- 5.3 Scientific Applications of Satellite Data within the Geophysica Research Community.- 5.4 Retrieval of Tropospheric Information from Ground-based FTIR Observations, Supported by Synergistic Exploitation of Various Ground-based and Space-borne Measurement Techniques and Data.- 5.5 The Development of Multi-platform Methods for Derivation of Tropospheric Composition from Space.- 5.6 Control Mechanisms of Water Vapour in the Upper Troposphere: Large Scale Subsidence in...