The Phonology of Norwegian

This text explores the phonology of Norwegian. At the end of the 14th century Norway was part of Denmark and in 1814 it became part of the monarchy of Sweden. Nationalistic Norwegians sought to reestablish identity by creating a new language, whilst others sought to retain a form close to Danish.

A the end of the fourteenth century, Norway, having previously been an independent kingdom, became by conquest a province of Denmark and remained so for three centuries. In1814, as part of the fall-out from the Napoleonic wars, the country became a largely independent nation within the monarchy of Sweden. By this time, however, Danish had become the language of government, commerce, and education, as well as of the middle and upper classes. Nationalistic Norwegians sought to reestablish native identity by creating and promulgating a new language based partly on rural dialects and partly on Old Norse. The upper and middle classes sought to retain a form of Norwegian close to Danish that would be intelligible to themselves and to their neighbours in Sweden and Denmark. The controversy has gone on ever since. One result is that the standard dictionaries of Norwegian ignore pronunciation, for no version can be counted as ''received''. Another is that there has been considerable variety and change in Norwe