The Reminiscences of Dr. Waldo K. Lyon, Director, Arctic Marine Environmental Laboratory, San Diego, California : 1914-1998

Dr. Lyon, a 1962 presidential award winner for pioneering development that made possible submarine operations under the ice cap in the Arctic, discusses his work in that field beginning in 1941 when he first was with the Radio and Sound Laboratory. Over the years his research has taken him afloat in many subs including: the Sennet in the Antarctic; the Bearfish, then Carp in the Chukchi Sea, north of the Bering Strait; the Nautilus when she crossed the Arctic Ocean; and the Skate and Sea Dragon in the Arctic. In 1951 he was instrumental in starting the Arctic Submarine Laboratory and in 1955 was advisor to amphibious forces installing the DEW line. The years of testing conventional and nuclear subs resulted in developments of special sonars, strengthened fins, and many adaptations to make submarines navigable in the Arctic waters.