We Have the Rights : Protest and Democracy in Three African Cities

The world is rapidly urbanizing, with citizens of various regimes protesting for access to housing, electricity, etc. Yet how much does democracy make a difference? Using cases in Cairo, Lagos, and Johannesburg, this book argues that democracy does not necessarily change the forms, but the outcomes of urban protest.

Does democracy matter for urban protest? Africa is the fastest urbanizing region in the world, with more citizens every day requiring access to goods like housing, energy, food, and transportation. At the same time, citizens across the continent have also indicated declining satisfaction with democracy. Thus, many citizens have turned to strategies like protest to meet their basic needs. Yet for urban communities fighting for access to these goods, does democracy still make a difference? Drawing on a decades-long comparison of urban protest in Cairo, Lagos, and Johannesburg, We Have the Rights challenges the conventional wisdom of the social movement literature, by showing that even when democratization has not altered the prevailing forms of protest, it can significantly improve protest outcomes. These findings suggest that democracy can empower urban communities, not by enclosing citizen participation, but by expanding the avenues and boundaries of institutional engagement.