Reading Comprehension : Assisting Children with Learning Difficulties

Introduction .- Reading Difficulties . What is Literacy? . The Concept of Reading Difficulties . The Simple View of Reading . Listening Comprehension . Classification of Reading Difficulties . Summary .- Reading Comprehension . What is Reading Comprehension? . Comprehension: A Cognitive Process . Comprehension and the Active Learner . Comprehension Difficulties . Socio-cultural Context . Task Variables . Text Variables . Reader Variables . Purpose . Summary .- Cognitive Architecture . Introduction . Cognitive Architecture . Working Memory . Long-term Memory . Learning Styles . Summary .- Language Processing . Chapter Overview . Language and Learning Impairments . Decoding Deficits . Dyslexia . Language Learning Disabilities . ADHD . Summary .- World Level and Discourse Processing of Text . Chapter Ov erview . Vocabulary . Quality of Word Representations . Fluency . Context . Late Emerging Disabilities . Summary .- Visualisation . Overview . Forms of Mental Encoding . The Nature of Visualisation . Visualisation and Mental Functions . Instruction and Visualisation . Visualisation and Poor Comprehenders . Linking Visual and Verbal Processes . Visualisation Strategies . Summary .- Using Inferences and Strategic Processing . Chapter Overview . Inferential Processing . Thinking Frames . Questioning . Prediction . Summary .- Dynamic Processing in and Between Texts . Chapter Overview . Global Text Structure . Exposition Genres . Different Exposition Genres . Dynamic Literacies . Summary .- Motivation . Introduction . The Self- system . Beliefs . Motivation and Psychological Needs . Autonomy . Competence . Relatedness . Summary .- Self-regulation, Metacognition, and Engagement . Chapter Overview . Self-regulation . Engagement . Self-regulation . Self-regulation Phases . Forethought Phase (before reading phase) . During Reading Phase (Performance Phase) . After Reading Phase (Self-reflection phase) . Summary .- Comprehension is Strategic . Chapter Overview . A Structured but Flexible Learning Environment . Self-questioning and Engagement . Explicit Teaching . Performance Feedback . Summary .- Multiple Strategy Frameworks . Chapter Overview . Multiple Strategies . Framework of Reading Comprehension . Purposeful Reading . Multi-stage Approach . Cooperative Groupings . Summary .- Supporting Learning . Overview . Supportive Interaction . Tutoring . Summary .- Assessment and Comprehension . Metacognitive Assessment . Responsive Approaches to Assessment . Summary .- References .- Subject index